Judawisastra and A. Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi. Notifications View Subscribe. Article Tools Indexing metadata. How to cite item. Finding References. Email this article Login required. Email the author Login required. Save to Mendeley. Font Size. Abstract Radar has been widely used for various purposes such as monitoring atmospheric precipitation.
Keywords weather radar; precipitation monitoring; microstrip rectangular array; X-band; mitered bend. Full Text: PDF. References A. Huang, and K. Sams, Crossref P. Crossref E. Crossref D. This paper also presents that, the detail steps of designing and simulating the rectangular patch antenna and rectangular patch antenna Array, in Ku-band.
The simulated results are shows that the proposed antenna provides good performance in terms of return loss and radiation pattern for dual frequency applications. Article :. DOI: Introduction 2.
Review of Related Works 3. Design Methodology 3. Design of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Arrays 3. Design of a 2x1 Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Array 3. Design of a 4x1 Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Array 4.
Results and Discussion 5. Introduction Antennas serve as transducers between electromagnetic waves travelling in free space and guided electromagnetic signals in circuits.
They play a critical role in the performance of wireless communication systems. As a result, engineers rely on a combination of theory, simulation, and experimental investigation to arrive at a design that meets all the demands of a particular application.
An antenna is an indispensable structure in many applications, systems and devices such as aircrafts, spacecrafts, satellites, ships, biomedical systems, cellular phones, global positioning system GPS and radars. Microstrip antennas are currently the most dynamic field of antenna theory. The major limitations of MSAs in terms of performance are low gain and narrow bandwidth. There are various techniques that have been employed by many researchers to design MSAs with improved performance.
Some researchers have created new designs or modify the original MSAs designs so that microstrip antennas can provide better performance. Review of Related Works Several research papers have reported on design and simulation of rectangular microstrip antenna arrays.
These research works used different design techniques, topologies and electromagnetic simulators to obtain their antennas performance parameters. Alsager reported that the procedure for designing microstrip antenna arrays is to first design a single element MSA. The design was based on single element edge fed RMSA. The thesis stated that the three essential parameters for the design are: the frequency of operation f , the dielectric constant of the substrate and height of the dielectric substrate h.
The patch dimensions were determined using the transmission line model equations. However, the dimensions and characteristic impedances of the microstrip line and quarter wavelength transformer QWT were not stated in the thesis.
The patch antenna was designed and simulated with Sonnet software. According to Alsager , the antenna resonant frequency was 1. For the array design, Alsager only stated that two patches were combined to build a two-element microstrip array antenna. The work did not show the design and simulation of the two-element microstrip array antenna.
Chon reported that a photonic antenna utilizing MSA integrated with pin diode can convert optical signal to radio frequency RF signal for radiation.
Chon reported that a single patch was printed on FR4 substrate. Based on simulation results using Computer Simulation Technology CST software, Chon reported that the single patch antenna gain was 5. The design of a two patch symmetrical antenna array was also reported by Chon, The design equations were not stated in the thesis. However, the simulation results using CST software, showed a return loss of The design of 4 elements RMSA with high gain for 2.
In the paper, 2x1 and 4x1 RMSA arrays were used to show the improved gain performance of antenna arrays when compared with a single antenna. Khraisat commenced the design by designing a single MSA.
The length, width, input impedance of the patch and the feed dimensions were evaluated without stating the formulae in the paper. Furthermore, the author showed the geometrical arrangement of 2x1 and 4x1 arrays. The same values specified for single MSA were used for the design of the antenna arrays. The design equations for the computations of the widths and lengths of the microstrip lines, and quarter wavelength transformer QW T were not stated.
The designs were tested with IE3D electromagnetic simulator. The detailed procedure and design equations for RMSA arrays are addressed in this paper. Design Methodology The steps taken to achieve the design of the antenna are: 3. The operating frequency fr is for wireless local area network WLAN application. The selected operating frequency for this design work is 2. The dielectric constant and loss tangent of RT Duroid at operating frequency of 2.
The height h or the thickness of the dielectric substrate of a microstrip patch antenna is critical since the antenna should not be bulky. However, for practical considerations, it is essential to have a finite ground plane. It has been shown by Balanis, , that similar results for finite and infinite ground plane can be obtained if the size of the ground plane is greater than the patch dimensions by approximately six times the substrate thickness all around the periphery.
Hence, for this design, the length of the ground plane L g , and width of the ground plane W g were computed with 8 and 9 respectively as: 8 9 Step 7 : Determination of the inset feed depth The inset feed depth is determined by first calculating the resonant input edge resistance R in of the patch.
For a given characteristics impedance Z 0 and dielectric constant , the ratio is determined according to Pozar, as: 24 where: 25 26 The summary of the results of the design calculations for various dimensions of patch, ground plane and the inset feed line for the single element inset fed RMSA is given in Table 1.
Table 1.
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